談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(五)
5.2　除了wish之外，下列各動詞(如 suggest)的后面的虛擬語氣賓語從句，其謂語用："should + 動詞原形"表示建議(suggest)、堅持(insist)等虛擬語氣：
* suggest (建議), recommend (推薦), advise (勸告), propose (建議)
* insist (堅持), consent (允諾)
* decide (決定), order (命令) 
* request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)
* maintain (主張), urge (催促)
1.I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.
　(suggest, should + start) (表示建議立即開會)
2.The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.
　(suggested, should + try) (表示建議你應該減肥喔)
3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.
　(insisted, should + be) (表示堅持,無論如何都要準時到那兒。你再講也沒用哩！)
4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
　(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告訴他不可)
5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
　(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令學生們每周自己洗衣服)
六、虛擬語氣在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：
下列名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用"should + 動詞原形" 表示虛擬語氣：
* demand (要求), desire (請求),requirment (要求)
* advice (勸告), recommendation (建議),suggestion (建議)
* order (命令)
* necessity (必要地), preference (優先) 
* proposal (計劃), plan (計劃),　idea (辦法)
1.The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.
　(名詞advice，should + leave) (表示加以勸告)
2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
　(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)
3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
　(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出計劃)
談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(六)
七、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法
　　句型：It is (或was) + 形容詞(或過去分詞) + that …… +should + 動詞原形……
　　句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容詞natural, should+動詞原形do)
常用的形容詞：
* natural (自然的), appropriate (適當的),advisable (合適的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)
* necessary (必須的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本質的), vital (必不可少的)
* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)
* desirable (極好的)
常用的過去分詞(Past Participle):
* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被請求的), desired (要求)
* suggested (建議), recommended (推薦) 
* orderd (命令)
1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.
　(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)
2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
　(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好準備)
3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
　(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽煙)
4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.
　(important, should + be) (表示重要的是學生都能了解校規)
5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.
　(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顧好病人)
談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(七)
八、虛擬語氣在條件從句(Protasis)中的用法：
條件從句有兩類：（1）真實條件句；（2）虛擬條件句。如果假設情況有可能發生的，就是"真實條件句"。如：
1. If time permits, we'll go fishing together.
　(如果有時間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。）
如果假設的情況與事實相反，則為"虛擬條件句"。如：
1. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
　（如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會留在家里。） 
這回我們要談的就是關于"虛擬條件句"的一些句型。
* 這種句子一般由"從句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)組成。如上
例：
　If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
　"If it had rained yesterday" 就是"從句"；"we would have stayed at home" 則為"主句。
* 無論"從句"或"主句"的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。它們所用的動詞有三種時態(Tenses)，就是：現在時態、過去時態、將來時態。
* 句型：
8.1　與現在事實相反的假設(事情的發生都在同一時間內):
　從句：if + 主語 + 動詞的過去式(be 用 were) + ……
　主句：主語 + would (should, could , might) + 動詞原形 + ……
1.If I were you, I would go with him.
　(從句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)
2.If I were you, I should buy it.
　(從句用過去式動詞were，主句用動詞原形 buy)
3.If I had time, I would study French. (如果有時間，我會學習法文。）
　（從句用過去式動詞had，主句用動詞原形 study）
4. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我幫了。)
　(從句用過去式動詞knew, 主句用動詞原形ask)
　注意：如果動作在進行中，主句要用："主語 + would be + 進行式動詞 + ……"
5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 
　(從句用過去式動詞were, 主句用 would be speaking)
8.2　與過去事實相反的假設(假設從句的事實為過去的事)：
　從句：If + 主語 + had +過去完成式動詞 + ……
　主句：主語 + would (should, could, might) + have +過去完成式動詞 +……
1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
　(從句動詞用had studied, 主句動詞用have passed)
　如果你在上個學期用功一些，你就會在考試中過關了。
2. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
　(從句動詞用had taken, 主句動詞用have failed)
　如果你當時聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會在考試中失敗了。
3. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
　(從句動詞用had got up, 主句動詞用 have caught)
　如果你起身得早一點，你就會趕得上火車了。
4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.
　(從句動詞用had snowed, 主句動詞用 have skied)
　如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了。
　注意：如果動作在進行中，主句要用："I主語 + would + have + 完成進行式動詞+……
5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.
　(從句動詞用had been, 主句動詞用 have been speaking) 
8.3　與將來的事實可能相反(對將來的事實實現的可能性不大)：
　　從句：If + 主語 + should (或were) + 動詞原形 +……
　　主句：主語 + would (could, should, might) + 動詞原形 +……
1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
　(從句動詞用should rain，主句動詞用 be)
　如果天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。
2. If he　were to go　fomorrow, he might tell you.
　(從句動詞用were to, 主句動詞用 tell)
　如果明天他走的話，他可能會告訴你。
3.If he were here, I would give him the books.
　(從句動詞用 were, 主句動詞用 give)
　如果他在這兒，我可能會把書給他。
　注意：如果動作在進行中，從句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主語 + 過去進行式動詞+……"
4.If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.
　(從句動詞用 were staying, 主句動詞用 let)
　如果她現在留在這兒，我可能會讓她騎我的馬。
8.4 從句的 If 有時可省略，那么從句中的動詞(were, had, should)就得移到主語前面：
1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
　去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把動詞were移到主語she的前面)
2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it. 
　去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)
8.5　有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1. I could help you.(只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有從句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有從句)
8.6 有時虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動詞動作時態會不一致：
8.6.1 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
8.6.2　從句表示將來，主句表示過去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
8.6.3 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.
8.6.4　從句表示將來，主句表示現在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(八)
九、其他虛擬語氣在句子中的應用：
9.1 用as if (或 as though 好象) 的狀語從句，表示與事實相反：
1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.
　（用過去式表示與現在事實相反的假設） 
　他假裝好象完全不懂那事，其實他對那事非常了解。
2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.
　(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實)
　那老人看著照片，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時光。
3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
　(would + 原形動詞meet，表示與將來事實相反)
　他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會再相見的樣子。
9.2　用 had hoped 表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現的事情。其賓語從句的謂語要用"would + 動詞原形"：
　1. I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美國去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中國。
9.3　用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果沒有"，表示條件虛擬句：
1.Without air, nothing could live.
　要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。
2.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.
　要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。
3.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
　如果沒有水和空氣，什么也不能生存。